If you or a loved one has just been prescribed oxygen therapy, you probably have a lot of questions. One of the first questions people ask is how will the oxygen therapy be delivered? Whether you need to use a face mask or a nasal cannula for your oxygen delivery, let’s explore why and how you use each one.
Both a nasal cannula and face mask can be used to deliver supplemental medical oxygen to patients. They attach to the oxygen delivery device—typically an oxygen concentrator or oxygen tank—via tubing to improve oxygen intake. A nasal cannula is a flexible tube with two prongs that go inside the patient’s nostrils, while a face mask is a plastic, rubber or silicone mask that covers the nose and mouth. There are several different kinds of oxygen masks, depending on what the patient needs. [1]
The most notable difference is that an oxygen mask fits over the patient’s nose and mouth, making it difficult for the patient to talk while receiving oxygen therapy. A nasal cannula, on the other hand, fits directly into the nostrils, allowing the patient to receive oxygen therapy while carrying on a conversation, eating, drinking and more. Nasal cannulas are significantly less obtrusive, so most health care teams opt for a nasal cannula whenever possible.[1] However, for patients who need a constant, predetermined level of oxygen, a face mask called a Venturi mask is the most common choice. A Venturi mask is able to provide an accurate concentration of oxygen by mixing high-flow oxygen with room air. A Venturi mask is also able to prevent carbon dioxide retention, which can help avoid hypercapnia (elevated carbon dioxide levels) and the suppression of the respiratory drive. [2]
Nasal cannulas offer the advantage of being significantly less intrusive, allowing patients to eat and speak during oxygen therapy. They are also more comfortable to wear since the cannula itself consists of just one small tube and two prongs inside your nostrils. [1] The tubing can sit over your ears or at the back of the head, so you can adjust the fit in a number of different ways. Some patients can experience nasal dryness, which can generally be resolved with a topical water-based lubricant. [2] A face mask, on the other hand, sits over the top of both your nose and mouth with a strap around the back of your head. The mask itself can impede your ability to speak easily, and it is not possible to eat or drink while wearing an oxygen mask. Oxygen masks can also be drying when tightly sealed, and can make coughing difficult as well. Some patients find face masks confining and may feel claustrophobic with the mask on, which can make patients resistant to wearing them. [3]
However, in some cases, using a face mask is necessary, even if it is less convenient. For example, if a patient requires a higher concentration of oxygen or a precise concentration, nasal cannulas may be unable to accommodate the prescription. Additionally, patients who are prone to retaining carbon dioxide (hypercapnia) or who have experienced a suppressed respiratory drive may require a face mask called an air-entrainment mask (another name for a Venturi mask) to help ensure they get the correct concentration of oxygen at all times without becoming over-oxygenated.[4]
Typically, your doctor will be the one to choose whether you use an oxygen mask or a nasal cannula, since it is generally dependent on your prescribed flow rates and oxygen concentration requirements. That said, each delivery device can provide a different flow rate, or number of liters per minute. There are low-flow options and high-flow options, which have differing abilities to provide controlled amounts of oxygen to the patient. Below, see how much oxygen you can use with each of the most commonly used oxygen delivery devices for oxygen therapy.
|
Delivery Device |
Approx. oxygen delivery |
Flow Rate |
Comments |
|
Nasal Cannula[3] |
24-40% |
1-6 LPM |
May be drying to nares above 4L/min. |
|
High Flow Nasal Cannula[5] |
21-100% |
up to 60 LPM |
Can deliver warmed and up to 100% humidified oxygen |
|
Simple face mask (low-flow system) [3] |
40-60% |
6-10 LPM |
|
|
Non re-breather mask[3] |
60-80% |
10-15 LPM |
Efficiency depends on how well mask fits and the patient’s respiratory demands |
|
Venturi Mask[6] |
24-60% |
up to 15 LPM |
Can deliver a more precise level of oxygen but mask must be properly fitting |
Your health care providers will decide whether you need to switch from a nasal cannula to an oxygen mask. However, that decision is likely to be based on how much oxygen you need at any given time. Typically, patients who need higher or more precise concentrations of oxygen are more likely to need to use a portable oxygen mask like a Venturi mask. Selection should be based on preventing and treating hypoxemia and preventing complications of hyper-oxygenation. Factors such as how much oxygen is required, the presence of underlying respiratory disease, age, the environment (at home or in the hospital), the presence of an artificial airway, the need for humidity, a tolerance or a compliance problem, or a need for consistent and accurate oxygen must be considered to select the correct oxygen delivery device.[3] They will also talk to you about what you struggle with when it comes to oxygen therapy, because your comfort does play a part in the success of your oxygen therapy. Your healthcare providers will make any decisions and adjustments to your oxygen delivery device based on information about your overall respiratory health.
The fact is that oxygen therapy, and the required oxygen equipment, does take a little getting used to at first. Whether you are getting accustomed to wearing a nasal cannula or a face mask, there will be times you experience frustration as you get used to wearing them comfortably throughout the day and navigating around the tubing. Optimizing outcomes often depends on selecting the correct oxygen administration device. [2]
If you have questions about your oxygen delivery device, or are interested in exploring a different kind of face mask or nasal cannula, talk to your doctor today. The right oxygen delivery device is essential for helping to make your oxygen therapy as successful as possible.
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Inogen® Portable Oxygen Concentrators
USES: Inogen® Portable Oxygen Concentrators provide a high concentration of supplemental oxygen to patients requiring respiratory therapy on a prescriptive basis. It may be used in home, institution, vehicle and various mobile environments.
DO NOT USE IF: This device is not intended to be used in any way other than described in the indications for use. Do not use in parallel or series with other oxygen concentrators or oxygen therapy devices. This device is to be used as an oxygen supplement and is not intended to be life sustaining or life supporting. ONLY use this product if the patient is capable of spontaneous breath, able to inhale and exhale without the use of a machine. The conserving, or pulse dose, oxygen delivery technique used by this device is contraindicated in persons whose breathing during normal resting would be unable to trigger the device. Proper device triggering, set up and operation must be confirmed by an experienced clinician or other respiratory professional. Not for use by tracheotomized patients. Use of this device has not been studied in pediatric populations. Consult your physician before using the product for pediatric patients.
WARNINGS: The device produces enriched oxygen gas, which accelerates combustion. Do not allow smoking or open flames within 2m (6.56ft) of this device while in use. If you feel ill or uncomfortable, or if the concentrator does not signal an oxygen pulse and you are unable to hear and/or feel the oxygen pulse, consult your equipment provider and/or your physician immediately. If you are unable to communicate discomfort, you may require additional monitoring and or a distributed alarm system to convey the information about the discomfort and or the medical urgency to your responsible caregiver to avoid harm. Use only spare parts recommended by the manufacturer to ensure proper function and to avoid the risk of fire and burns. To avoid danger of choking or strangulation hazard, keep cords away from children and pets.
TALK TO YOUR HEALTH CARE PROVIDER: The oxygen flow setting must be determined and recorded for each patient individually by the prescriber, including the configuration of the device, its parts and the accessories. It is the responsibility of the patient to periodically reassess the setting(s) of the therapy for effectiveness. The proper placement and positioning of the prongs of the nasal cannula in the nose is critical for oxygen to be delivered.
Inogen At Home® Stationary Oxygen Concentrator
USES: The Inogen At Home® Oxygen Concentrator is used on a prescriptive basis by patients requiring supplemental oxygen. It supplies a high concentration of oxygen and is used with a nasal cannula to channel oxygen from the concentrator to the patient. The Inogen At Home® Oxygen Concentrator may be used in a home or institution.
DO NOT USE IF: This device is not intended to be used in any way other than described in the indications for use. This device is to be used as an oxygen supplement and is not intended to be life sustaining or life supporting. ONLY use this product if the patient is capable of spontaneous breath, able to inhale and exhale without the use of a machine. Not for pediatric use. Not for use by tracheotomized patients.
WARNINGS: The device produces enriched oxygen gas, which accelerates combustion. Do not use the device when smoking or near open flame, matches, petroleum, oil, grease, solvents, radiant heaters, aerosols, etc. If you feel ill or uncomfortable, consult your equipment provider and/or your physician immediately. If you are unable to communicate discomfort, you may require additional monitoring and or a distributed alarm system to convey the information about the discomfort and or the medical urgency to your responsible caregiver to avoid harm. Use only spare parts recommended by the manufacturer to ensure proper function and to avoid the risk of fire and burns. To avoid danger of choking or strangulation hazard, keep cords away from children and pets.
TALK TO YOUR HEALTH CARE PROVIDER: The oxygen flow setting must be determined and recorded for each patient individually by the prescriber, including the configuration of the device, its parts and the accessories. It is the responsibility of the patient to periodically reassess the setting(s) of the therapy for effectiveness. The proper placement and positioning of the prongs of the nasal cannula in the nose is critical for oxygen to be delivered.
Rove 4, Rove 6, G3, G4, G5, Inogen, Inogen At Home, and Inogen One are trademarks of Inogen, Inc. The usage of any Inogen, Inc. trademarks is strictly forbidden without the prior consent of Inogen, Inc. All other trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners or holders.
The Inogen® portable oxygen concentrators are available by prescription only. For safe and proper use of the Inogen® devices, please refer to https://www.inogen.com/support/inogen-manuals/
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